entropy

entropy

Wikipedia entropy (countable and uncountable; plural entropies)

1. (thermodynamics, countable)
   1. strictly thermodynamic entropy. A measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.

      The thermodynamic free energy is the amount of work that a thermodynamic system can perform. The concept is useful in the thermodynamics of chemical or thermal processes in engineering and science. The free energy is the internal energy of a system less the amount of energy that cannot be used to perform work. This unusable energy is given by the entropy of a system multiplied by the temperature of the system.^[1] (Note that, for both Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies, temperature is assumed to be fixed, so entropy is effectively directly proportional to useless energy.)

   2. A measure of the disorder present in a system.

      Ludwig Boltzmann defined entropy as being directly proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates yielding an equivalent thermodynamic macrostate (with the eponymous constant of proportionality). Assuming (by the fundamental postulate of statistical mechanics), that all microstates are equally probable, this means, on the one hand, that macrostates with higher entropy are more probable, and on the other hand, that for such macrostates, the quantity of information required to describe a particular one of its microstates will be higher. That is, the Shannon entropy of a macrostate would be directly proportional to the logarithm of the number of equivalent microstates (making it up). In other words, thermodynamic and informational entropies are rather compatible, which shouldnt be surprising since Claude Shannon derived the notation H for information entropy from Boltzmanns H-theorem.

   3. The capacity factor for thermal energy that is hidden with respect to temperature [2].
   4. The dispersal of energy; how much energy is spread out in a process, or how widely spread out it becomes, at a specific temperature. [3]
   
   
   

   Definizione italiano>inglese entropy

   
   

   	entropia
   	measure of the amount of information in a signal
   	term in thermodynamics
   	tendency of a system to descend into chaos

   
   

   Altri significati:

   (statistics, information theory, countable) A measure of the amount of information and noise present in a signal. Originally a tongue in cheek coinage, has fallen into disuse to avoid confusion with thermodynamic entropy.

   (uncountable) The tendency of a system that is left to itself to descend into chaos.

   (thermodynamics, countable)

   
   
   

   Traduzione 'veloce'

   
   
   entropia

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